How to File an FIR in India – Complete Step-by-Step Guide (2026)

Introduction

A First Information Report (FIR) is the first official document prepared by the police after receiving information about the commission of a cognizable offence. Registering an FIR is often the first step in initiating a criminal investigation.

The procedure for filing an FIR is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. Every person should know when an FIR can be filed, the procedure involved, the documents required, and the legal remedies available if the police refuse to register it.

This guide explains the complete process of filing an FIR in India in simple language.

What is an FIR?

An FIR (First Information Report) is a written record prepared by the police after receiving information about the commission of a cognizable offence.

Once an FIR is registered, the police may begin an investigation according to the applicable legal provisions.

Who Can File an FIR?

An FIR may be filed by:

• The victim of the offence.

• A witness.

• A family member.

• Any person having knowledge of the commission of a cognizable offence.

The informant does not necessarily have to be the victim.

When Should You File an FIR?

An FIR should generally be filed when a cognizable offence has been committed.

Examples include:

• Murder.

• Kidnapping.

• Robbery.

• Rape.

• Dacoity.

• Serious offences punishable under criminal law.

Prompt reporting helps the police begin the investigation without unnecessary delay.

Step-by-Step Process to File an FIR

Step 1: Visit the Police Station

Go to the police station having jurisdiction over the place where the offence occurred.

In appropriate cases, online FIR facilities may also be available depending on the State or Union Territory.

Step 2: Provide Complete Information

Give accurate details such as:

• Date and time of the incident.

• Place of occurrence.

• Nature of the offence.

• Names of the accused (if known).

• Description of the incident.

• Details of witnesses (if available).

Provide only information that is true to the best of your knowledge.

Step 3: Recording of the FIR

The police officer records the information in the prescribed format.

The contents should be read over to the informant before it is finalized.

Step 4: Verify the Details

Carefully check:

• Names.

• Dates.

• Time.

• Place.

• Incident description.

• Other important facts.

Request corrections if any information has been recorded incorrectly.

Step 5: Sign the FIR

After confirming the accuracy of the information, sign the FIR.

A copy of the registered FIR should be provided to the informant without charge, in accordance with the applicable law.

Step 6: Police Investigation Begins

After registration of the FIR, the police may:

• Visit the scene of occurrence.

• Collect evidence.

• Record witness statements.

• Conduct further investigation according to law.

Documents Generally Required

Although an FIR can often be registered based on oral information, supporting documents may strengthen the complaint. These may include:

• Identity Proof.

• Photographs or videos (if available).

• Medical records (where applicable).

• Property-related documents (if relevant).

• Witness details.

• Electronic evidence.

• Any other relevant material.

Can an FIR Be Filed Online?

Yes.

Many States and Union Territories provide online facilities for reporting certain categories of offences through their official police portals.

The availability of online FIR registration depends on the State, the nature of the offence, and the applicable local procedures.

What If the Police Refuse to Register an FIR?

If a person believes that an FIR has been wrongly refused, remedies may be available under the BNSS, 2023, including:

• Approaching a senior police officer.

• Submitting a written representation.

• Filing an application before the competent Magistrate where permitted by law.

The appropriate remedy depends on the facts of the case.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Providing incorrect or false information.

• Omitting important facts.

• Delaying the reporting of a serious offence without reasonable explanation.

• Signing the FIR without reading it.

• Submitting forged or fabricated documents.